Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to compare the efficiency of three imidazole-based ionic liquids (ILs) in the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) oftrans-resveratrol from Gnetum gnemon seeds.Methods: Trans-resveratrol was quantitatively extracted using 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([hmim]Br), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumchloride ([bmim]Cl), and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim]BF4) in a microwave oven. Extraction parameters, including solventconcentration, liquid-solid ratio, and extraction time, were optimized using response surface methodology on the basis of the Box–Behnken design.A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method was used to determine resveratrol content with acetonitrile: water (75:25 v/v) asthe mobile phase. The total phenolic content was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method.Results: Under optimal conditions, the resveratrol content when extraction was performed using [hmim]Br, [bmim]Cl, and [bmim]BF4 was 0.068,0.059, and 0.038 mg/g dry weight, respectively, and total phenolic content was 0.647, 1.736, and 1.436 mg gallic acid equivalent/g, respectively.Conclusions: IL-based MAE using [hmim]Br provided the highest trans-resveratrol yield from melinjo seeds and can be used as an alternative methodfor this purpose.
Highlights
Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) is a gymnosperm plant that has pharmacological properties including antibacterial, antiangiogenic, and immunostimulatory properties [1,2]
Stilbenoids are commonly identified in melinjo seeds including the large stilbenoid derivative resveratrol [3]
ionic liquids (ILs) including [hmim]Br, [bmim]Cl, and [bmim]BF4 were used to extract trans-resveratrol from melinjo seeds
Summary
Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) is a gymnosperm plant that has pharmacological properties including antibacterial, antiangiogenic, and immunostimulatory properties [1,2]. Melinjo seeds contain chemicals such as tannins, stilbenoids, and flavonoids. Stilbenoids are commonly identified in melinjo seeds including the large stilbenoid derivative resveratrol [3]. Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound with therapeutic properties including antidiabetic, antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties [4,5,6]. Resveratrol can be found in several plant species including red grapes, peanuts, Japan giant knotweed, and melinjo [7,8,9,10]. Resveratrol extraction from melinjo is a practical option because it is affordable and quite easy to find
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