Abstract
Applying hyaluronic acid, a biopolymer material, in the treatment of interdental papilla reconstruction has become a trend. The main objective of this research is to investigate the histologic effect of hyaluronic acid on interdental papilla over time. Deficient interdental papilla models were surgically created in sixty-two Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and were randomly treated with the injection of hyaluronic acid (HA group) or phosphate-buffered saline (sham control group) or left untreated (control group). After 2, 4, and 8 weeks, the rats were sacrificed in batches to observe the histological changes. A fluorochrome label was used to monitor bone formation in 8 weeks. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the expression of potentially relevant cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and Wnt-induced secreted protein 1 (WISP1) in the gingival tissue in 8 weeks. A preliminary study of HA degradation after 24 weeks was performed in two rats. Following the HA injection, no inflammation or granulomatous foreign body reaction was observed. HA was able to promote collagen fiber and alveolar bone regular formation in the reconstruction site. HA also enhanced VEGF, BMP-2, and WISP-1 expression in gingival tissue (p＜0.05). After 24 weeks, there was no HA filler observed in the interdental papilla. In conclusion, our study suggested that HA is an effective way to reconstruct deficient interdental papilla.
Highlights
The interdental papilla is part of the gingiva that occupies the space of the two adjacent teeth
In the Hyaluronic acid (HA) group, the HA filler could be seen in all the samples at 2, 4, and 8 weeks, and in the meantime, the samples appeared as pockets of extracellular pale grayish-blue material in the modified HE-stained slides, enclosed by a fibrous capsule (Figure 3)
The preliminary study showed that no HA filler remained, and the mature collagen formed in the interdental papilla after 24 weeks
Summary
The interdental papilla is part of the gingiva that occupies the space of the two adjacent teeth. A deficiency in the interdental papilla causes open embrasures, leading to many problems, such as aesthetic appearance defects and food impaction, phonic problems (Zhang et al.,2020). Interdental papilla deficiency gives rise to food impaction. This problem can be found among periodontal patients. There are several reasons for the interdental papilla recession Common reasons for this case are anatomic structure, aging, and bad oral health habits, to name a few (de Santana et al.,2017; Kolte et al.,2018). Among these causes, the most representative and direct reason is the distance between
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