Application of horizontal wells in three-dimensional shale reservoir modeling: A case study of Longmaxi–Wufeng shale in Fuling gas field, Sichuan Basin: Reply

Abstract

Three-dimensional reservoir modeling is an important aspect to determine the heterogeneity of organic-rich shale reservoirs, an area of study that continues to be explored and refined. A large proportion of data acquired from horizontal wells causes issues in the structural and property modeling for shale reservoirs. Since horizontal wells are designed to drill into a specific, narrow zone, their horizontal section tends to parallel or nearly parallel formation surfaces. As a result, formation surfaces have a much more complex spatial location relationship with horizontal wellbores than with vertical wellbores. The existing algorithms are not good at addressing this issue during structural modeling. The major problem of using horizontal well data in property modeling is the biased data set because their horizontal section tends to stay within a narrow zone. The property distribution feature estimated from this biased data set, as a significant, default input of geostatistical simulation algorithms, causes the constructed property models to deviate away from the real case in the subsurface. A method to infer more formation tops in pseudovertical wells according to a series of assumptions was developed to provide more constraint points for structural modeling within the areas of the horizontal well section. To use the biased database from horizontal wells, distribution function and trend model methods were developed for continuous property modeling, and percentage and probability trend models were developed for discrete property modeling. The Longmaxi–Wufeng shale in the Fuling gas field of Sichuan Basin was used as an example to express and verify these methods.