Abstract
This investigation aims to evaluate the influence of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment after germination on soyasaponin conversion and physiological activity in black soybean [Glycine max (L.)]. Black soybean was germinated for 4 days and subjected to 24 h at 0.1-150 MPa; the crude soyasaponin extracts were then evaluated for anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity activity. The highest crude soyasaponin content of 57.85 mg/g was found in germinated black soybean treated at 100 MPa. Soyasaponin Bb and Bc were the major B-group soyasaponins in raw black soybean; their contents in raw and germinated black soybean increased after HHP treatment. The lipid accumulation rate during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation in germinated HHP-treated black soybean ranged from 93.25-65.95% at the concentration of 400 μg/mL. The highest anti-obesity effect was observed after germination and 150-MPa treatment. Black soybean sprout extracts treated at 150 MPa significantly inhibited the lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of inflammatory markers by RAW 264.7 macrophages.
Highlights
Soyasaponins belong to amphiphilic oleanane triterpenoid glycosides of aglycone with one or two polysaccharide chains
Chang and Han [22] observed a greatly increased enhanced the crude soyasaponin contents in general soybean cultivars applying germination, the crude soyasaponin contents were slightly decreased during soaking processes
The highest total soyasaponin content (351.19 mg/100 g) is observed at 100 MPa after germination. These results suggest that the total soyasaponin content is affected synergistically by the combined effects of germination and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment compared to germination or HHP
Summary
Soyasaponins belong to amphiphilic oleanane triterpenoid glycosides of aglycone with one or two polysaccharide chains. Soyasaponins have been reported to exert antioxidative [2,3], cholesterol-lowering [4], renin-inhibiting [5], hepatoprotective [6], and antitumor effects [7]. Most of these effects have been revealed using single compounds of group B soyasaponin; the conversion characteristics and biological activities of crude soyasaponin extracts with various treatments remain unclear. Along with saponins and isoflavones change during germination because of accumulation and synthesis [12] These changes in composition enhance the overall nutritional value of the soybeans and the contents of health-promoting phytochemicals [13]
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