Application of green-synthesized carbon dots for imaging of cancerous cell lines and detection of anthraquinone drugs using silica-coated CdTe quantum dots-based ratiometric fluorescence sensor

Abstract

Chemotherapy drugs of daunorubicin and doxorubicin treat cancers with many side effects. So, detection of them in the biological system for regulation and controlling of usage is essential. In this study, a ratiometric fluorescent method was introduced for detection of daunorubicin and doxorubicin using bell pepper-based carbon dots, as the variable signal, and silica-coated CdTe quantum dots, as the constant signal. The detection was done based on variations of carbon dots intensity in the presence of drugs in comparison with the constant intensity of silica-coated CdTe quantum dots. The proposed ratiometric fluorescent method was successfully used for detection of daunorubicin and doxorubicin range of 54.37–13594.34 nmolL−1 and 86.2–17242 nmolL−1, with a detection limit of 18.53 nmolL−1 and 29 nmolL−1, respectively. Also, this method was used for detection of drugs in serum samples with recovery ranges of 86.14–99.62 (RSD 3–1.47%) and 86.32–97.53 (3.38–1.48%), respectively. Finally, after evaluation of carbon dots toxicity by MTT test, carbon dots was applied for imaging of prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3) and breast cancer cell lines (MCF7). The results demonstrated that despite improvement of the repeatability and interferences reduction by ratiometric method, also carbon dots were successfully applied for imaging of cell lines.