Abstract
It is true that the world we have today is not the world we use to know. The Covid-19 pandemic has paralyzed all sector, hence the need for safety and enabling environment for mankind is of high importance. Adsorption technology is far the best and cheapest treatment technology for water and has extensively proven its worth for the uptake of micro-pollutant from surface, ground and water which are the major channels of home water. Over the years activated carbon is considered as the most common and universally used adsorbent for the eradication of different types of micro-pollutants from water. The contamination of surface water by micro-pollutant is a potential threat for the production of high quality and safe drinking water. Adsorption operation onto granulated activated carbon (GAC) in fixed-bed filters is often applied as a remedying step in the synthesis of safe and drinkable water. Activated carbon actively tends to act as a carrier material for a thin usually resistant layer of microorganisms (mostly bacteria) that forms on the coat of various surfaces (biofilm), hence biological simplification can be an alternative removal approach that can be adopted in granulated activated carbon filters. To evaluate the capacity of biofilm to biologically simplify micro-pollutants, it is very imperative to distinguish adsorption from biological simplification (biodegradation) as a removal mechanism. Experiment was carried out under the operating condition of a temperature range of 6?C to 20?C with biologically activated and autoclaved GAC to assess the biological simplification by the biofilm adsorbed on the GAC surface. Five micro-pollutants were selected as model compounds, of which some of them were biologically simplified by the GAC biofilm. Additionally, we observed that temperature can increase or decrease adsorption. Conclusively, comparison was made on the adsorption capacity of granulated activated carbon used for more than 50,000 beds.
Highlights
Organic micro-pollutants resulting from the influence of human beings on nature have been detected in surface water worldwide and posing a threat to the production of safe drinking water
The removal of iopromide using biologically active granulated activated carbon apparently remains unchanged until the 9th day with operation performed at a temperature range of 6 ̊C - 20 ̊C, as shown in (Figure 2(a)). the difference that arises in the extent of removal at varying different temperature were observed after this period
Analysis backed up with experimental evidence observed in this study, shows that the growth of biofilm in the granulated activated carbon (GAC) filter at a drinkable water treatment plant (DWTP) has a great tendency of biodegrading iopromide, metformin, and iopamidol
Summary
Organic micro-pollutants resulting from the influence of human beings on nature have been detected in surface water worldwide and posing a threat to the production of safe drinking water. Micro-pollutants encompass a broad range of compounds, such as insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, pharmaceuticals, industrial chemicals, pesticides, as well as the products to which they are converted into. These chemical species frequently enter into the human immediate environment via the effluent of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and diffuse sources, such as storm water runoff, sewer leakage and sewer overflow. Micro-pollutants are partly taken off from the surface water source in a drinkable water treatment plant through adsorption onto granulated activated carbon (GAC) in fixed bed filters. Micro-pollutants are concentrated on the granulated activated carbon (GAC) surface, and resulting in an increment in the contact time between the microorganisms and compounds [4], and enhanced probability of biological simplification, that is biodegradation
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