Abstract
Textile dyes are untreated discharge into the environment which results in a significant increase in water pollution levels worldwide. Due to the continuous addition of toxic organic dyes, a necessary strategic model is required for the complete degradation of dyes in textile effluent. This paper considers the possibility of biological synthesis of silver and iron nanoparticles and their use in photocatalytic degradation. The immediate change of silver nitrate solution occurring from colorless to brown is observed after the addition of the aqueous leaf extract, indicating the successive reduction of Ag+ ions to the Ag nanoparticles. These formed Ag nanoparticles were subjected to examine the photocatalytic activity under the solar radiation for the degradation of methyl orange. Green synthesized Ag nanoparticles were found to successfully degrade methyl orange up to 95% between 70 hours than the initial exposure time. The absorbance of methyl orange was measured at 465 nm. The present paper is focused on fractional mathematical modelling of dye degradation in textile effluents using the Caputo–Fabrizio fractional derivative without the singular kernel. The iterative Laplace transform method is employed to obtain an analytic solution for the absorption transport equation. The obtained experimental results showing significant removal of dyes from textile wastewater are compared using modelling results. The innovative approach is in outstanding agreement with the findings of the experiment. The mathematical modelling for the dye removal process helps to design suitable environmental management studies to reduce the adverse effect caused by toxic wastewater. Model validation has been shown by comparing analytical simulated solutions with experimental results for photocatalytic degradation using silver and iron nanoparticles as eco-friendly and low-cost agents.
Highlights
Dyes are the most important type of synthetic organic materials utilized in various industries such as textiles, food, and pharmaceuticals. e basic strategy for the remediation of these dye compounds from manufacturing effluents has been accompanied by the use of chemical reagents, physical aspects, and biological processes
When the exposure time of the dye and silver nanoparticle complex placed in sunlight was increased, the absorption peak had a decrease. e absorption peak for methyl orange was canter at 660 nm in the visible region which was reduced, and at last, it disappeared when the reaction time was increased. e whole process was completed after 70 hours of incubation and was recognized by the change of reaction mixture color to colorless (Table 2)
Green synthesis of silver and iron nanoparticles has been carried out using the plant extract of a locally available plant Cordia dichotoma
Summary
Dyes are the most important type of synthetic organic materials utilized in various industries such as textiles, food, and pharmaceuticals. e basic strategy for the remediation of these dye compounds from manufacturing effluents has been accompanied by the use of chemical reagents, physical aspects, and biological processes. E basic strategy for the remediation of these dye compounds from manufacturing effluents has been accompanied by the use of chemical reagents, physical aspects, and biological processes. These methods are laborious and inefficient and have issues with disposal as well. Silver nanoparticles were effectively fabricated using the Cordia dichotoma (common name: gonda) leaf extract, and the silver and iron nanoparticles synthesized were used in the degradation of dyes. It can be found in a variety of forests, from the dry deciduous forests of Rajasthan to the wet deciduous forests of the Western Ghats and the coastal forests of Myanmar. In [6], modelling enables the future prediction and indicates the importance of various factors in the real system. e numerical iterative Laplace transform method is employed to simulate the degradation process of dyes from wastewater. e findings achieved by the proposed model could help to refine the wastewater management strategy
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