Application of graphene as sensors: a review

Abstract

Graphene is a modern material which is currently also a topic in great demand. It has some special characteristics like being super thin, high conductivity, highly flexible, and more. These specialities made graphene a genuine material for developing new sensors. Although graphene is relatively rare in commercial use due to the lack of a wide-range and low-cost production method, many laboratory-based research and studies have already developed excellent sensors using graphene in many fields. After analysing masses of articles, this synthesised review concluded the application of graphene as electrical sensors, indicating the future. This paper finds that based on the physical character of graphene, it is also commonly made to be physical sensors in many perspectives, like measuring pressure, strain, temperature, humidity and even magnetic field strength (using the quantum Hall Effect) and many more. Those sensors are showing extraordinary performance; however, they lack stability under severe environments. Also, more compositive graphene material could be developed to expand the scope of electrochemical sensing. The flexibility of graphene is also under consideration which contains high potential in medical fields by designing wearable sensing systems.