Abstract
Due to their unique optical properties, narrow size distributions, and good biological affinity, gold nanoparticles have been widely applied in sensing analysis, catalytic, environmental monitoring, and disease therapy. The color of a gold nanoparticle solution and its maximum characteristic absorption wavelength will change with the particle size and inter-particle spacing. These properties are often used in the detection of hazardous chemicals, such as pesticide residues, heavy metals, banned additives, and biotoxins, in food. Because the gold nanoparticles-colorimetric sensing strategy is simple, quick, and sensitive, this method has extensive applications in real-time on-site monitoring and rapid testing of food quality and safety. Herein, we review the preparation methods, functional modification, photochemical properties, and applications of gold nanoparticle sensors in rapid testing. In addition, we elaborate on the colorimetric sensing mechanisms. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of colorimetric sensors based on gold nanoparticles, and directions for future development.
Highlights
Food quality and safety issues have attracted much attention in China and the rest of the world
By utilization of the principle, mercury ions could be reported that heavy metal ion, melamine, pesticides residues can be detected in food by using the detected in environmental water samples or and powdered milk [121]
Zhou et al [122] found that Pb2+ could induce the aggregation of gold nanoparticles and cause the color of solution changed from red to blue
Summary
Food quality and safety issues have attracted much attention in China and the rest of the world. The main detection technologies for food quality and safety are instrumental analysis and rapid tests The instrumental methods, such as gas chromatography [1], liquid chromatography [2], mass spectrometry (MS) [3], capillary electrophoresis [4], supercritical fluid chromatography [5], gas chromatography-MS [6], and liquid chromatography-MS [7], are undoubtedly powerful. Known as colloidal gold, are very stable nanomaterials that have been widely investigated and Because of their unique gold nanoparticles have been used inhave chemical applied [13,14,15] Becausephysicochemical of their unique properties, physicochemical properties, gold nanoparticles been energy, monitoring, biomedicine, and food safety screening [16,17,18]. Colorimetric sensors based on gold nanoparticles are simple, rapid, and highly sensitive, and can be used to sense several hazards in food [31,32,33]. With permission reference [30].reference [30]
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