Abstract
The analysis of huge data is a complex task that cannot be executed without a proper system. Geographic information systems (GISs) have been used by many transportation agencies and police departments to analyze and manage urban traffic accident (UTA) data and for decision making aimed at decreasing accident rates and increasing safety. The exact location of accidents and environmental characteristics must be analyzed as UTAs occur in specific locations with specific characteristics. ArcGIS software is the best choice for obtaining meaningful information and analysis results from UTAs in an observational time span. GIS technology is a fundamental element for investigating and evaluating the complex spatial relationship among different components and urban traffic accident is one of them. Micro or macro analysis of UTAs through the spatial prospective within the geographical environment and urban structure can make a deep micro understanding of UTAs patterns in addition to assisting in decision making. UTAs can be considered complex events that occur in two aspects which are spatial and temporal or space and time in other word. A GIS can integrate more than two different and unrelated databases. The evaluation among different spatial objects in a geographical environment and associated factors in urban structure which are included but not limited to land use category, road transportation network qualification, population density, etc., is one of the GIS specification. Traffic safety organizations and UTA researchers use GISs as a key technology to support their research and operational needs. In particular, GIS-T is an often-used GIS application used for planning and decision-making in transportation.
Highlights
The main objective of this paper is a critical review of literature of Geographic information systems (GISs) or geographical information system in the most negative impact of urban transportation, urban traffic accident (UTA), as geography can be relevant to various phenomena, including traffic accidents
Geographic information systems (GISs) have been used by many transportation agencies and police departments to analyze and manage urban traffic accident (UTA) data and for decision making aimed at decreasing accident rates and increasing safety
The main objective of this paper is a critical review of literature of GIS or geographical information system in the most negative impact of urban transportation, UTA, as geography can be relevant to various phenomena, including traffic accidents
Summary
The main objective of this paper is a critical review of literature of GIS or geographical information system in the most negative impact of urban transportation, UTA, as geography can be relevant to various phenomena, including traffic accidents. Road accidents can be analyzed as discrete incident in space and in time. The main technique for this article was review of research with application of GIS in UTAs and urban structure. This paper considers the literature related to existing studies on traffic accidents from multiple perspectives. Temporal, and spatiotemporal analyses of traffic accidents are summarized. We provide a detailed review of GIS applications in traffic accident studies. Traffic accident prediction models and the Bayesian approach are reviewed. The current methods of identifying hazardous roadway sites for traffic accidents are described
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