Abstract
Abstract. Groundwater is very important component of the hydrological cycle. It is an important source of water for drinking, domestic, industrial and agricultural uses. It plays a key role in meeting the water needs of various users sectors in India. Ground water resource is contributed by two major sources – rainfall and the other seepage from irrigation of the crops. A man-made effort through artificial recharge for water conservation structures adds to the ground water. The ground water behaviour in Indian sub-continent is highly complicated due to the occurrence of diversified geological formations with considerable lithological and chronological variations, complex tectonic framework, climatological dissimilarities and various hydro-chemical conditions. Assessment of ground water resources of an area requires proper identification and mapping of geological structures, geomorphic features along with sound information regarding slope, drainage, lithology, soil as well as thickness of the weathered zones. This study is to understand the ground water scenario in the water logged areas of Dharoi command while the surrounding areas showing continuous decline of water levels. The area falls in the command area of Dhorai dam and is in Mehsana District of Gujarat State. A part of northern command of Dharoi Command area falls in hard rock areas while the lower and southern portion fall in alluvial areas in the Dharoi Command (RBC) area in Mahsana Mehsana District of the Gujarat State. The study highlights the application of GIS in establishing the basic parameters of soil, land use and the distribution of water logging over a period of time and the groundwater modelling identifies the groundwater regime of the area and estimates the total recharge to the area due to surface water irrigation and rainfall and suggests suitable method to control water logging in the area.
Highlights
Assessment of ground water resources of an area requires proper identification and mapping of geological structures, geomorphic features along with sound information regarding slope, drainage, lithology, soil as well as thickness of the weathered zones
Amongst the latest available technologies, the remote sensing technique along with Geographic Information System (GIS) has acquired the supreme position over the conventional methods in studying the hydrogeology due to its synoptic view, repetitive coverage, and high ratio of benefit to cost and availability of data in different wavelength ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum
Geographic Information System (GIS) has been found to be one of the most powerful techniques in assessing the suitability of land based on the spatial variability of hydro geological parameters
Summary
Assessment of ground water resources of an area requires proper identification and mapping of geological structures, geomorphic features along with sound information regarding slope, drainage, lithology, soil as well as thickness of the weathered zones. GIS offers many tools to extract the information about the ground water prospect of an area by integrating information regarding geologic structures, geomorphology, soil, lithology, drainage, land use, vegetation etc. In the mountainous hard rock terrain of Aravalli, ground water is the only source of water in the northern part of the Gujarat. Due to the combination of hard rock areas and the perched water table conditions occurring due to the occurrence of clay at very shallow depths in parts of the Dharoi Command (RBC) in Mahesana District of the Gujarat state in Kheralu, Vadnagar, Visnagar and Unjha Talukas have water logging conditions. The objective of this study is to understand the hydrogeology of the terrain and its influence in ground water and to develop an appropriate ground water modelling using Visual Modflow to delineate the water logging areas and suggest suitable methods to recharge the lower aquifer and estimate the approximate amount of water that can be recharged in the area
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