Abstract
It is very important to distinguish the spatial variability in soil fertility for site specific nutrient application. To know the status, 25 soil samples were collected from Vandurga Village, Yadgir District, Karnataka, India. Samples were analysed for electrical conductivity (EC), power of hydrogen (pH), organic carbon (OC), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P2O5) and Potassium (K2O). Further, SPSS (ver. 19) was used to execute conventional statistical analysis and ArcGIS to get the information about distribution and spatial variability of soil available nutrients. The analysis results showed that the EC of soil varied from 0.13 to 0.25 dS/m with a mean of 0.18 dS/m. The PH ranged from 6.62 to 8.82 with an average of 7.89. Available OC ranged from 0.14 % to 1.90 % with mean of 0.78 %. Similarly mean values for N, P2O5 and K2O observed 215.3 kg/ha, 31.5 kg/ha, and 513.4 kg/ha, respectively. The SD and CV for EC was 0.031 and 16.69%, respectively, while for pH, OC, N, P2O5 and K2O it was found to be 0.56 and 7.04, 0.39 and 51.16, 100.9 and 46.86, 19.12 and 60.61, 160.88 and 31.33 respectively. Spatial variability maps for various nutrients prepared shows the huge variation in the soil nutrients availability. This variability appeared due to lack of balanced application of fertilizers. It was suggested that an appropriate applications of nutrients necessary for selected land based on soil nutrients.
Highlights
The conventional method of soil fertility management consider entire fields as a single group of soil and while calculating requirement of fertilizer as a single field
Maximum, minimum, standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV) values for all the available soil nutrients have been calculated for 25 locations of the study area
K-S Test found consistent for power of hydrogen (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), and organic carbon (OC) for normal distribution with 0.49, 0.88 and 0.38 probability, respectively and unlikely consistent for N, P2O5 and K2O
Summary
The conventional method of soil fertility management consider entire fields as a single group of soil and while calculating requirement of fertilizer as a single field. Recitation of soil spatial variability in the field has a huge difficulty, in the use of latest advanced tools and technologies Viz. Global Positioning Systems (GPS), Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and many others were commenced. Many scientists demonstrated in studies conducted at various locations, GIS is an effective set of tools for to collect, store, retrieve, transform and display spatial data[1]. It is seen that the scientists working in natural resource management groups has extensively used GIS for the production of soil fertility map of an area that helps to understand the soil fertility status spatially and temporally, which will be useful to calculate the site-specific suggestion for application of the appropriate quantity of fertilizers. Technologies like GPS and GIS allow fields to be mapped precisely and to help in understanding the complex spatial relationships between soil fertility factors[2].
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