Application of Genetic Marker for Diversity Assessment and Conserving of Plant Genetic Resource

Abstract

Several molecular marks have been used for various purposes since the beginning of contemporary molecular technology: Genetic resource characterization, core genetic resource collection, mapping, marker-assisted selection, and marker-assisted back crossing etc. The variety of all plant species, their genetic make-up, and the environments in which they dwell are considered to be components of biological diversity. Plant classification and identification can be done most quickly and simply using morphological examination. It has been established that molecular markers are effective instruments for evaluating genetic diversity in groups and individual individuals, as well as germplasm resources. To preserve biodiversity, more than just genetic testing and DNA polymorphism detection are needed. It examines significant issues regarding managing plant germplasm both ex situ and in situ in order to support decision-making. Significant progress has been made in recent years in mapping, tagging, and isolating many important genes for agriculture using molecular markers like (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs, Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms Simple Sequence Repeats and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism). Each marking technique has unique benefits, drawbacks, and applications. If one was aware of the presence of relevant traits, genes, and alleles one might make judgments on the extension of accessions and the preservation of seed stocks to meet an anticipated rise in demand for materials. By including genotypes with well-known and useful genes and alleles in the core collections, breeders can use them. Utilizing crop plant genetic resources will be simpler as a result, increasing their potential.