Application of gas chromatography coupled to chemical ionisation mass spectrometry following headspace solid-phase microextraction for the determination of free volatile fatty acids in aqueous samples

Abstract

Gas chromatography coupled to positive and negative ion chemical ionisation mass spectrometry was evaluated for the determination of free volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from aqueous samples by headspace solid-phase microextraction. Negative ion chemical ionisation in the selected ion monitoring mode using ammonia as reagent gas provided acceptable sensitivity and the highest selectivity for the determination of C 2–C 7 fatty acids using a polydimethylsiloxane–Carboxen fibre. Detection limits in the range of 150 μg l −1 for acetic acid and from 2 to 6 μg l −1 for the remaining carboxylic acids were achieved. The reproducibility of the method was between 9 and 16%. The developed analytical procedure was applied to the analysis of VFAs in raw sewage. The absence of interfering peaks provided a more accurate determination of acetic, propionic, butyric and isovaleric acids than a similar analytical scheme but using a flame ionisation detector.