Abstract
A fuzzy optimization model based on the entropy weight method for investigating air pollution problems in various cities of Zhejiang Province, China has been proposed in this paper. Meanwhile, the air quality comprehensive evaluation system has been constructed based on the six major pollutants (SO2, NO2, CO, PM10, PM2.5 and O3) involved in China’s current air quality national standards. After analyzing the monthly data of six pollutants in 11 cities of Zhejiang Province from January 2015 to April 2018 by the above method, the authors found that, although the air quality of cities in Zhejiang Province did not reach the long-term serious pollution of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, the air quality changes in the northern cities of Zhejiang were worse than those in southern Zhejiang. For example, the air quality of Shaoxing in northern Zhejiang has dropped by 14.85% in the last study period when compared with that of the beginning period, and Hangzhou, the provincial capital of Zhejiang, has also seen a decrease of 6.69% in air quality. The air quality of Lishui, Zhoushan and Wenzhou in southern Zhejiang has improved by 8.04%, 4.67% and 4.22% respectively. Apart from the geographical influence, the industrial structure of these cities is also an important cause for worse air quality. From the local areas in southern Zhejiang, cities have developed targeted air pollution control measures according to their own characteristics, including adjusting the industrial structure, changing the current energy consumption structure that heavily relies on coal, and improving laws and regulations on air pollution control, etc. In the four cities in central Zhejiang, the air quality at the end of the period (April 2018) has decreased from the beginning of the period (January 2015), given that there were no fundamental changes in their industrial structure and energy pattern.
Highlights
Environmental pollution refers to the matters released from human activities into the environment that are harmful to living organisms [1–3].The ecosystem has self-purifying functions on the pollutants, but if the pollutants released have exceeded the limits allowed by the ecosystem, they would cause great harm to the human society.If the environment is polluted by harmful matters, the growth and reproduction of organisms will be affected, disturbing the normal life of human beings and endangering human health and the sustainable development of human beings [4–8]
From the local areas in southern Zhejiang, cities have developed targeted air pollution control measures according to their own characteristics, including adjusting the industrial structure, changing the current energy consumption structure that heavily relies on coal, and improving laws and regulations on air pollution control, etc
In order to take the six major air pollutants into consideration, this paper has introduced the Entropy Weight Method based on the traditional Fuzzy Optimization Model to construct a Fuzzy
Summary
Environmental pollution refers to the matters released from human activities (such as during the process of production and living) into the environment that are harmful to living organisms [1–3]. In the field of outdoor air pollution research, Ni et al used the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry Model to study the air pollution characteristics and its root causes in Hangzhou (the provincial capital of Zhejiang Province) during the second World Internet Conference in the winter of 2015 Their results showed that the control measures implemented one week before the meeting did help reduce the PM2.5 pollution to some extent, with the total PM2.5 concentration in Hangzhou decreased by 15% [24]. This paper takes Zhejiang Province as the research object and quantitatively evaluates the air pollution status of the city under its jurisdiction, which provides a scientific basis for Chinese governments to formulate air pollution prevention policies and achieve sustainable development. 4 offers conclusions of this paper and related policy recommendations
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