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Abstract
Monitoring the internal force of the rocks surrounding a mine-shield tunnel for the initial support of a mine-shield tunnel, in complex geological and hydrological environments, requires bolts with specific features such as high tensile strength, low shear strength, good insulation and resistance to corrosion. As such, internal force monitoring has become an important issue in safety monitoring for such tunneling projects. In this paper, the adaptability of a mine-shield tunnel project in a corrosive environment is investigated. A fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) bolt with high tensile strength, low shear strength, resistance to fatigue, non-conductivity and resistance to corrosion is used as a probe in tandem with an anchor-head dynamometer to monitor the internal force of the rocks surrounding a mine-shield tunnel for initial support. Additionally, solar energy collection technology is introduced to create a remote monitoring system. Using a 2.5 km long railway tunnel located in the northeast of the Pearl River Delta of China as a case study, the present study shows that, compared with a conventional steel bolt, the FRP bolt has advantages, such as avoidance of the risks associated with the shield machine, insulation and resistance to corrosion. As a probe, the response of the FRP bolt to events such as a blasting vibration and a construction disturbance that results in internal changes in the surrounding rock demonstrates a clear pattern that is appropriate for monitoring the internal force of the rocks surrounding a mine-shield tunnel in a corrosive environment. FRP bolt-based monitoring not only provides new technological support for controlling the risk involved in the initial support of a mine-shield tunnel but can also be widely deployed in projects with special requirements for disassembly, conductivity and corrosion.
Highlights
Tunnel construction in complex geological and hydrological environments involve a combination of different construction methods to ensure both the safety and on-schedule progress of construction.As such, safety monitoring and feedback between different construction methods is critical [1,2].Among them, due to its superior feasibility and reliability, the initial mine-tunneling and subsequent shield segment concatenation construction method is widely adopted for tunnel construction in Sensors 2018, 18, 2763; doi:10.3390/s18092763 www.mdpi.com/journal/sensorsSensors 2018, 18, 2763 composite formations with inconsistent hardness
This study focuses on mechanical information collection [3,4], which includes electrical sensor technology and optical sensor technology
Based on the monitoring data (Figure 11a), the internal force of the surrounding rocks was in a steady state during the period between the initial support and the segment concatenation process
Summary
Tunnel construction in complex geological and hydrological environments involve a combination of different construction methods to ensure both the safety and on-schedule progress of construction.As such, safety monitoring and feedback between different construction methods is critical [1,2].Among them, due to its superior feasibility and reliability, the initial mine-tunneling and subsequent shield segment concatenation construction method is widely adopted for tunnel construction in Sensors 2018, 18, 2763; doi:10.3390/s18092763 www.mdpi.com/journal/sensorsSensors 2018, 18, 2763 composite formations with inconsistent hardness. Monitoring the internal force of the rocks surrounding a mine-shield tunnel for initial support after mine tunnel construction, and before shield segment concatenation, has become an important component of feedback-based control of the overall tunnel construction process. Monitoring the internal force of the rocks surrounding a mine-shield tunnel is primarily based on the bolt-force measurement method. Monitoring the internal force of the rocks surrounding a mine-shield tunnel for initial support via the mine-shield method in a complex geological and hydrological environment requires bolts with specific features such as high tensile strength, low shear strength, good insulation and resistance to corrosion, which is an issue that needs investigated and addressed in large-scale underground project construction
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