Application of fresh whole blood for resuscitation with massive blood loss

Abstract

First transfusion of fresh whole blood happened more than 100 years ago. But, after that, transfusion of blood components became more common. Among them are: red blood cells (RBC), fresh frozen plasma (FFP), platelets, cryoprecipitate. One of the major issues in massive transfusion is a trauma-related coagulopathy. For its prophylaxis and treatment, an 1:1:1 ratio of RBC:FFP:platelets during massive transfusion is advised. But, this goal is often unachievable during to lack of blood components readily available and, moreover, this ratio is close to composition of fresh whole blood. Also, there is an opinion, that switch to blood component-based therapy is not always feasible and fresh whole blood can be much more effective than blood components for treatment of trauma-induced coagulopathy. Indications for, benefits and disadvantages of fresh whole blood are within scope of this review.