Abstract
Venous lake (VL) is a common lesion resulting from the enlargement of thin-walled veins surrounded by a thick wall of fibrous tissue. Photocoagulation is becoming one of the basic methods for treating small vascular lesions. The aim of this study was an application of texture analysis (TA) and fractal dimension analysis (FDA) to evaluate VL treatment. Twenty-three VLs were included in the study. We used a 980 nm diode laser, 6 W, 100 ms pulse mode with a 50% duty cycle. The total dose of energy was in a range from 80 J to 600 J. We used the difference of intensity algorithm for FDA and microcontrast and a co-occurrence matrix for TA. A complete therapeutic effect was achieved in 83%, and in 9%, scar formation was observed after three months. No healing was observed in 4%, and there was partial healing in 4%. No differences in FD were observed between the lesions after three months and the healthy mucosa. The fractal dimension and microcontrast of a vascular lesion are mutually coupled. FDA and TA is a useful and objective method of assessing treatment effects for venous lakes. The non-contact mode of the 980 nm diode laser is an effective and safe method for treating a VL.
Highlights
A venous lake (VL) is a common lesion resulting from the enlargement of thin-walled veins surrounded by a thick wall of fibrous tissue [1]
It should be noted that our results showed statistical differences between the changes in fractal dimension (FD) before treatment and 3 months after treatment
We showed that the FD of oral leukoplakia was significantly lower than that of healthy mucosa with no statistical differences between the treated lesion and healthy mucosa [36]
Summary
In 1956, Bean and Walsh described these lesions as being soft, compressible and arising in sun-exposed areas (ears, face, hands, lips), especially in older people [2]. They appear as non-painful, soft, non-bloody, well-demarcated, dark blue or purple papules, 2–10 mm in diameter and showing a positive diaphoresis test [3] Another name, senile haemangioma or lip varices, can be found in the literature [4]. The mechanism of their formation is not fully explained, but age is the most likely factor, as they are most common in older people over 50 years of age If they do not cause aesthetic problems or are not a source of bleeding, no treatment is necessary. Photocoagulation is becoming one of the basic methods for treating small vascular lesions in the oral area
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