Abstract
Heavy-metal (HM) pollution is considered a leading source of environmental contamination. Heavy-metal pollution in ground water poses a serious threat to human health and the aquatic ecosystem. Conventional treatment technologies to remove the pollutants from wastewater are usually costly, time-consuming, environmentally destructive, and mostly inefficient. Phytoremediation is a cost-effective green emerging technology with long-lasting applicability. The selection of plant species is the most significant aspect for successful phytoremediation. Aquatic plants hold steep efficiency for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) and Duck weed (Lemna minor) along with some other aquatic plants are prominent metal accumulator plants for the remediation of heavy-metal polluted water. The phytoremediation potential of the aquatic plant can be further enhanced by the application of innovative approaches in phytoremediation. A summarizing review regarding the use of aquatic plants in phytoremediation is gathered in order to present the broad applicability of phytoremediation.
Highlights
Water contaminations, along with limited availability of water, have put a severe burden on the environment
This review briefly describes the effectiveness of these aquatic plants for the remediation of different types of wastewater
Dan et al [325] examined the accumulation of different heavy metals (HMs) such as Fe, Cd, Zn, Ni, Pb and Cr by Juncus effuses and Phragmites australis from landfill leachate through a lab-scale constructed wetland
Summary
Along with limited availability of water, have put a severe burden on the environment. Industrial and domestic untreated wastewater contains pesticides, oils, dyes, phenol, cyanides, toxic organics, phosphorous, suspended solids, and heavy metals (HMs) [11] Heavy metals among these toxic substances can be accumulated in the surrounding environment [12]. Removal of heavy metals achieved through various techniques such as reverse osmosis [17], ion exchange [18], chemical precipitation [19], adsorption and solvent extraction [20] include enormous operational and maintenance costs and are usually not environmentally friendly [19,20,21,22] These conventional techniques for the remediation of heavy metals are generally costly and time-consuming. This review article summarizes the potential application of aquatic plants in phytoremediation for the treatment of wastewater
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