Abstract
In the current conditions of intense technologies of milk production, the feeding of dairy cows is aimed at providing fast rates of growth and maximum productivity over a short period. However, such systems of diets often have negative effects on the health of the animals as a result of metabolism malfunctioning. The present study was conducted to assess the influence of the enzyme probiotic preparation Rumit, developed based on cellulolytic bacteria isolated from the rumen of reindeer, on dairy activity, food intake, density of ciliate fauna of the rumen, feeding activity, and also metabolic profile and the level of natural resistance of newly-calved heifers. To conduct the experiment, we composed two groups (control and experimental) of first-calf heifers with 12 individuals in their first 100 days of lactation after calving. The first-calf heifers of the experimental group, in addition to the main diet, received the preparation in the amount of 50 g per individual daily in the lunch time feeding for 90 days. Inclusion of the probiotic increased the dairy productivity, particularly a 3.1 kg increase in the average yield of daily 4%-fat milk, 9.6 kg in the butterfat output, and 7.7 kg in that of dairy protein. With increase in dairy productivity, a 0.09 EFU (energy fodder units, equals 10 MJ) decrease was observed in energy expenditure for 1 kg of milk. Intake of the probiotic led to increase in the index of nutritional activity by 0.03 units and increase in the density of ciliates by 155, 900 individuals/mL. Use of the biopreparation had a positive effect on the metabolic processes in the organism of heifers. The animals of the experimental group were observed to have an increase in the content of the total protein in the blood, 12.5% decrease in the urea, and glucose concentration reached the normative values. In the first-calf heifers that had received the food supplement in addition to their diet, the physiological parameters of health normalized and the protective abilities of the organism activated, the pulse and respiration frequencies increased (by 3.8% and 6.6%), the phagocytic index grew by 30.2%, and the absorptive ability of neutrophils increased by 40%. Thus, enzyme probiotic preparation Rumit confirmed its efficiency when fed to newly-calved heifers.
Highlights
Modern industrial animal husbandry, especially dairy livestock, usually has demanding regimes of the production processes that overload the functional activity of the systems of the animals’ organisms (Romanov et al, 2019)
The objective of the study was determining the peculiarities of the effect of the enzyme probiotic preparation Rumit developed based on microorganisms of the rumen of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) on dairy productivity and physiological parameters of health of cows, population and generation diversity of rumen protists, as well as costs for feed in milk production
Increases in the productive qualities of animals that had been fed with the enzyme probiotic preparation had a positive effect on expenditures of feeds and energy per 1 kg of 4%-fat milk (Table 3)
Summary
Especially dairy livestock, usually has demanding regimes of the production processes that overload the functional activity of the systems of the animals’ organisms (Romanov et al, 2019). When the zoohygienic rules of feeding and maintenance of animals are violated, the natural resistance of the organism, as well as their resistance to unfavourable environmental factors, decrease. This leads to growing morbidity, increase in the number of infectious, allergic, autoimmune and other pathologies. The medical and preventive measures against diseases of infectious and non-infectious etiologies entail the use of a large amount of medical preparations. Antibiotics in agriculture have been usually used in livestock breeding for the prevention of bacterial infections and stimulation of growth of cattle (Nesme et al, 2015)
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