Application of endoscope in zygomatic fracture repair

Abstract

The endoscope has been used to visualise the upper face and brow in aesthetic facial surgery which is performed without a coronal incision. We applied these principles to repair zygomatic fractures with the aid of a 4 mm, 30 degree telescope inserted through a small temporal incision. Fracture sites at the zygomatic arch and the zygomaticofrontal suture were exposed and fixed with miniplates under endoscopic control. This technique was used in 15 consecutive patients including 2 with isolated zygomatic arch comminuted fractures and 13 having displaced zygomatic fractures with segmental, displaced zygomatic arch fractures. Nine patients were men and six patients were women with a mean age of 35 years. Three patients had associated mandibular fractures. The periods of follow-up ranged from 3 to 22 months. Two patients developed transient frontal nerve palsy which recovered within 2 months. One patient had mild temporal hollowing on the side of the facial fracture. All patients achieved the adequate anatomic reduction and satisfactory malar symmetry. There has been no case of chewing problems, cheek numbness or progressive enophthalmos developing postoperatively. Application of the endoscope in zygomatic fracture repair minimises the scalp scar, avoids forehead numbness, provides a comfortable postoperative recovery and shortens hospital stay. Careful preoperative evaluation and proper surgical technique are mandatory for achieving optimal results in selected patients.