Application of Electrochemical Sensor Based on Lead Film Electrode in Trace Vanadium (V) Determination by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry

Abstract

A simple and fast method for the determination of vanadium in water samples was established using adsorptive stripping voltammetry. The proposed method includes the formation of a complex by reacting vanadium with cupferron and its adsorption on the in situ plated lead film electrode used as a working electrode. The optimum analytical conditions include supporting electrolyte containing 0.3-mol L−1 acetate buffer pH = 5.6, ${3} \times {10}^{-4}$ mol L−1 Pb(II) and ${7} \times {10}^{-{4}}$ mol L−1 cupferron. A linear response of V(V) in the concentration range of ${1} \times {10}^{-9}$ to ${7} \times {10}^{-8}$ mol L−1 (r = 0.998) was obtained with the detection limit of ${3.2} \times {10}^{-10}$ mol L−1 using accumulation time of 30 s. Selectivity of the method was determined by investigating the influence of a number of foreign ions. The interferences of surfactants were precisely studied and successfully minimized by preliminary mixing with resin. The accuracy of the method was tested by analyzing certified reference material (SPS-WW1 waste water) and river water.