Application of echocardiographic data in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Abstract

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at a high risk for cardiovascular events and mortality, particularly heart failure. Echocardiography is the most commonly used diagnostic imaging modality for heart failure. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent literature that demonstrates how echocardiography may be used to define cardiac structure and function in the CKD population and to identify echocardiographic abnormalities that have utility in predicting clinical outcomes in this population. Recent studies have highlighted the high prevalence of echocardiographic abnormalities in this population, and the challenge of identifying specific echocardiographic criteria for heart failure. There have been advances in application of strain echocardiography for evaluating systolic function in patients with normal ejection fraction, understanding pulmonary hypertension and identifying echocardiographic correlates of albuminuria. Additional studies have focused on diastolic dysfunction, left ventricular hypertrophy and echocardiographic findings in children with CKD. Recent studies demonstrate the utility of echocardiography in characterizing heart structure and function and in providing potential tools for risk stratification in the high-risk CKD population.