Abstract
The principle of duality is applied for electromagnetic transient (EMT) modeling of industry scale (i.e. 50, 390 MVA) multilimb transformers. While saturation, hysteresis, deep-saturation, and remanent flux are accounted for, the need for transformer internal design information such as core dimension or material is eliminated. This is achieved by formulating the equivalent circuits with an alternative set of parameters that are either provided by the manufacturer or can be determined using conventional techniques. Open-circuit tests confirm that the models produce accurate excitation currents at different saturation levels when compared with measurement results. Furthermore, the models facilitate correct short-circuit condition with support for arbitrary number of windings. Upon validating the models, inrush current is simulated and the worst-case scenario is determined due to potential remanent flux values. The findings agree with an established EMT simulation model as well as manufacturer analytical approximations. Simulated hysteresis loops are also investigated.
Highlights
I N recent years, the importance of sustainable development has urged the electric power generation industry to rapidly expand investments in environmental-friendly forms of generating electric power such as solar and wind power technologies
Interest have grown in using power system equipment that facilitates generation, transmission and distribution of electric power resulted from renewable energy
The use of small- and medium-sized power system equipment has generally increased in recent years
Summary
I N recent years, the importance of sustainable development has urged the electric power generation industry to rapidly expand investments in environmental-friendly forms of generating electric power such as solar and wind power technologies. Interest have grown in using power system equipment that facilitates generation, transmission and distribution of electric power resulted from renewable energy This includes power electronics, solar photovoltaics, inverter transformers, etc. One important example of such equipment are three-phase transformers which are constructed on a single multilimb core as it is economically and logistically more advantageous to build small- and mediumsized transformers on a single core Among the available techniques for the latter, the principle of duality has been shown to be reliable for modeling many transformer topologies including multilimb cores [3]–[9] Such models require internal design information (e.g. core material, core dimensions, number of turns in the windings) or results from unconventional tests (i.e. with open terminals) in order to determine parameters of the magnetizing branches.
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