Application of CRISPR/Cas-Mediated Genome Editing Techniques in Leguminous Crops

Abstract

AbstractGrain legumes are prized for their high protein content and abundance of phytochemicals, which are essential in the human diet. Scientists have made significant advancements in discovering novel genetic features in legumes, including, but not limited to, productivity, tolerance/resistance to various environmental stresses, and improved nutritive value. The contemporary surge in genetic resources of grain legumes has facilitated the integration of advanced molecular breeding techniques such as transgenic methodologies, genome modification, and genomic selection, to augment the crop’s overall performance. This chapter discusses the application of CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing tools for the improvement of grain legumes. Furthermore, it elaborates upon the latest developments in plant-specific genetic modification techniques, while also addressing the challenges and prospective benefits that come with enhancing grain legumes with significant agronomical attributes. Genome editing techniques have been proficiently employed in diverse legumes, encompassing model legumes such as Medicago, alfalfa, and lotus, alongside other widely cultivated legumes like soybean, cowpea, and chickpea. The advent of gene-editing methodologies in legume breeding has presented exciting opportunities for enhancing important agronomic characteristics.