Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated protein nuclease 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) technology offers novel approaches to precisely, cost-effectively, and user-friendly edit genomes for a wide array of applications and across multiple disciplines. This methodology can be leveraged to underpin host-virus interactions, elucidate viral gene functions, and to develop recombinant vaccines. The successful utilization of CRISPR/Cas9 in editing viral genomes has paved the way of developing novel and multiplex viral vectored poultry vaccines. Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas9 can be exploited to rectify major limitations of conventional approaches including reversion to virulent form, recombination with field viruses and transgene, and genome instability. This review provides comprehensive analysis of the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technique in understanding avian virus-host interactions and developing novel poultry vaccines. Finally, we discuss the simplest and practical aspects of genome editing approaches in generating multivalent recombinant poultry vaccines that conform simultaneous protection against major avian diseases.
Highlights
Poultry offers a major food source worldwide and continues to expand to satisfy the rising demands of the global population (Speedy, 2003)
We have demonstrated the safety and effectivity of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) as a vaccine vector harboring the fusion (F) gene of velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and showcase the versatility of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)-CRISPR/Cas9 and Cre/Lox system (Atasoy et al, 2019)
Previous study demonstrated the use of CRISPR/Cas9 system as an effective and powerful tool for targeted genome engineering of Duck enteritis virus (DEV) to generate a vaccine candidate expressing the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 (Zou et al, 2017)
Summary
Poultry offers a major food source worldwide and continues to expand to satisfy the rising demands of the global population (Speedy, 2003). Antiviral Therapy Advances in CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing enabled a novel approach in the development of therapeutic antiviral treatment by precise targeting of specific viruses within the infected cells.
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