Abstract
Abstract The study aimed to create a compact pretreatment unit before the ultrafiltration modules. This unit targeted to improve the inlet water quality to meet the average values of the feed water quality required for the ultrafiltration plants according to the manufacturer. The used unit in this study was a pipe worked as a sedimentation unit with inclined plates to apply the plate settler technology. The suitability of using this unit was determined by using varied water sources with different Total Suspended Solids (TSS) concentrations and different retention times. The removal efficiencies for the low TSS water source reached 96.47 %, 82.94 %, 64.80 % & 30.59 % with retention time 30 minutes, 15 minutes, 5 minutes & 20 seconds respectively. For the medium TSS water source at the same retention times, the removal efficiencies reached 97.33 %, 92.87 %, 86.10 % & 63.89 %. For the high TSS water source, the removal efficiencies reached 98.64 %, 93.86 %, 87.51 % & 76.23 %. These results make the sedimentation unit able to work as an effective pretreatment unit for the ultrafiltration units for all water sources.
Highlights
Water is an important element to human survival [1]
The experimental works in this study approved that the developed sedimentation piping unit is succeeding unit to apply the plate settler technology and improve the Total Suspended Solids (TSS) removal efficiencies with smaller time than usual which makes the unit size as small as it can and had a low cost to construct
These reasons make this unit suitable to use as a pretreatment unit for the ultrafiltration modules
Summary
Water is an important element to human survival [1]. Raw water purification is a necessary process to can produce potable water able to be consumed by humans. In Egypt, several plants were applied using ultrafiltration modules Many of these plants do not work with their optimum capacity. Chemical fertilizers and pesticides used during irrigation lead to an increase in the loads on the membranes All of this affects the membrane performance and increases the rate of backwashing and chemical cleaning which reduces the plant productivity, increases the operating costs, and causes a reduction in a membrane lifetime. All of these reasons make the application of ultrafiltration with no benefit. More researches needed for the pretreatment to be able to apply this technology with maximum efficiency and minimum costs
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