Application of chlorhexidine in endodontics

Abstract

Introduction: Bacterial populations in the root canal must be eliminated or at least significantly reduced to levels compatible with the healing process of periapical tissues in order to achieve optimal results of the performed endodontic treatment. Irrigation solutions play an important role in the removal of infected tissue, bacteria and their breakdown products, and also affect the decomposition of organic and inorganic matter in the root canal system. Medications currently used in root canal cleaning and preparation are NaOCl, CHX, EDTA and MTAD. None of these solutions has all the characteristics of an ideal irrigator. Aim: The aim of this study is to present chlorhexidine (CHX) as a drug used in endodontics, as well as describe its advantages and disadvantages. We will consider its structure and mechanisms of action as well as the target group of microorganisms it affects. Materials and Methods: We have reviewed studies and articles published by foreign and Bulgarian authors in order to present CHX as a medicine, used in endodontics. The main topic of the review is to emphasize the benefits of using it. Conclusion: CHX has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against gram positive and gram-negative bacteria, but it does not have the ability to dissolve organic tissue. Therefore, it will not be effective when used alone. CHX can be very beneficial in reducing the amount of pathogenic bacteria inside the root canal system, which makes it an ideal irrigator for the final rinse of the root canal. Mixing CHX with Ca(OH)2 may increase its antimicrobial activity.