Application of cellulose, lignin and camphor stem as new biosorbents for removal of brilliant green and crystal violet dyes from wastewater

Abstract

The aim of the present work was to prepare low cost and environmental friendliness biosorbents and use them for the removal of hazardous compounds from wastewater. Cellulose and lignin biosorbents were prepared from camphor stem using H2SO4 (1:1) and 3 M NaOH solutions. Also, many biosorbents were prepared by heating the camphor sticks at 105, 150, 200 and 250 °C which were characterized by the SEM, XDR, FTIR, UV/Vis, pHZPC and surface site analysis techniques. The camphor biosorbents were applied for removal of brilliant green (Br.G) and crystal violet (Cr.V) dyes from wastewater. The camphor biosorbents were found highly efficient for removal of Br.G and Cr.V dyes (95–100%) at pH 5–7 within a period of 2–5 min. The process was described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with the corresponding R2 value (0.999). The negative values ΔG (–8.1 and –2.4 kJ/mol) found for the removal of Br.G and Cr.V using camphor biosorbents shows the feasibility and the spontaneity of the removal process. The detection limit (LOD) and removal percentage (E%) of the tested dyes from different wastewater locations of were found in the ranges 0.1–2.9 μg/L and 92–100% respectively with the relative standard deviation (RSD% 0.05–1.16%) for five replicating procedures (n = 5).