Abstract
Novel biomarkers of exposure and early adverse effects are needed for comparative studies of combustible and non-combustible tobacco products for regulatory authority evaluation. Metabolic biomarkers reflect both gene and environmental effects. CE-MS has been applied to human urine samples from non-smokers and smokers of cigarettes at two tar levels. Validated chemometric models were able to separate smokers from non-smokers, with discrimination mainly based on the presence of nicotine metabolites. With these removed, it still proved possible to discriminate smokers from non-smokers with models now based on endogenous metabolites. The biochemical relevance of these biomarkers is discussed. This proof-of-principle metabonomics study illustrates the potential of CE-MS to discover novel biomarkers in urine from tobacco users.
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