Abstract
The applicability of capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of four extensively used penicillin derivatives (benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, oxacilllin) has been studied. Because of structural similarities, the electrophoretic behavior of these derivatives is very similar; consequently an efficient separation using the conventional capillary zone electrophoresis is hard to be achieved. Their simultaneous separation was solved by using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography, the separation being based on the differential partition of the analytes between the micellar and aqueous phase. Using a buffer solution containing 25 mM sodium tetraborate and 100 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate as surfactant, at a pH of 9.3, applying a voltage of + 25 kV at a temperature of 25 °C, we achieved the simultaneous separation of the studied penicillin derivatives in less then 5 minutes. The separation conditions were optimized and the analytical performance of the method was evaluated in terms of precision, linearity, limit of detection, and quantification. Also, a simple capillary zone electrophoresis method was applied to study the stability of the studied penicillin derivatives in water at different temperatures, using ciprofloxacin hydrochloride as internal standard. It was observed that the extent of the hydrolysis of penicillins in water is highly dependent on the time and also temperature.
Highlights
Penicillin derivatives are still among the most widely used antibiotics worldwide, as they are generally well tolerated, apart from hypersensitivity reactions, and are usually bactericidal due to their inhibitory action on the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall, but increased resistance has limited their use (Sweetman, 2011).A mixture of penicillins is rarely administered simultaneously, but complex mixtures are often found in environmental samples
Aminopenicillins can be detected in acid environment, due to the ionization of the – NH2 substituent, but OXA and PEN could not be detected at acid pH values
The reason for studying a mixture of penicillins was to prove the applicability of Capillary electrophoresis (CE) for the analysis of penicillins in general, and for the analysis of the studied penicillins in particular
Summary
Penicillin derivatives are still among the most widely used antibiotics worldwide, as they are generally well tolerated, apart from hypersensitivity reactions, and are usually bactericidal due to their inhibitory action on the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall, but increased resistance has limited their use (Sweetman, 2011).A mixture of penicillins is rarely administered simultaneously, but complex mixtures are often found in environmental samples (water, soil). Penicillin derivatives are still among the most widely used antibiotics worldwide, as they are generally well tolerated, apart from hypersensitivity reactions, and are usually bactericidal due to their inhibitory action on the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall, but increased resistance has limited their use (Sweetman, 2011). The extensive use of penicillins causes their presence in environment and food products of animal origin, which may be responsible for allergic reactions in humans and promote the occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (Kummerer, 2004). Penicillins differ from one another only by the substituent attached to the 6-aminopenicillanic acid residue. The nature of this side chain affects the antimicrobial spectrum, stability to stomach acid, and susceptibility to bacterial degradative enzymes (Block, Beale, 2004)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
