Abstract
Calixresorcinarenes and calixarenes have seen extensive usage as receptors for cations, anions and even neutral molecules. Incorporation of binding capabilities and chemical groups that respond to analytes complexation has given these macrocycles additional advantages in applications as efficient selective chemical sensors. Three major types of macrocyclic calixresorcinarenes namely C-dec-9-en-1-ylcalix[4]resorcinarene (CAL 11U), C-trans-2, cis-6-octa-1,5-dien-1-ylcalix[4]resorcinarene (CAL 9U) and C-nonylcalix[4]resorcinarene (CAL 10) were synthesized. They differ in the alkyl/alkenyl side chains. They were characterized by different techniques (melting point measurements, Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy FT-IR, Thermal Gravimetric analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry coupled with Mass Spectrometry TG-DSC-MS, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy NMR, and Powder X-Ray Diffraction measurements PXRD). Calixresorcinarene derivatives, immobilized onto Au surfaces of quartz crystal resonators, have been successfully applied to detect the presence of lead in aqueous solution.
Highlights
Heavy metals are so harmful for both environment and human body, so their detection in environmental analysis is primordial, it can be measured using a number of analytical techniques such as anodic stripping voltammetry [1], inductively coupled plasma [2], and high performance liquid chromatography [3], these techniques are highly selective and sensitive, but they’re very expensive and cannot be used for continuous in situ measurements
A series of calixresorcinarene macrocycles were synthesized by a simple condensation reaction, they were characterized by different techniques (Melting points determination, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), TG-DSCMS, and X-ray Diffraction (XRD))
The quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is a nanogram sensitive technique that utilizes acoustic waves generated by oscillating a piezoelectric single crystal quartz plate to measure mass
Summary
Heavy metals are so harmful for both environment and human body, so their detection in environmental analysis is primordial, it can be measured using a number of analytical techniques such as anodic stripping voltammetry [1], inductively coupled plasma [2], and high performance liquid chromatography [3], these techniques are highly selective and sensitive, but they’re very expensive and cannot be used for continuous in situ measurements. The application of calixresorcinarene/ calixarene macrocycles as sensing platforms has known a huge usage, due to their binding affinities and complexation properties [4,5,6]. A series of calixresorcinarene macrocycles were synthesized, characterized by the mean of different techniques, and applied as chemical sensing platforms for the heavy metals ions detection.
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