Abstract

目的评估支气管肺泡灌洗术(BAL)在异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)患者肺部并发症中的诊断价值及安全性。方法采用BAL获取肺泡灌洗液(BALF)进行微生物涂片/培养、巨细胞病毒/EB病毒及结核分枝杆菌DNA检测、宏基因组新一代测序对allo-HSCT后肺部并发症进行病因学分析。结果纳入73例allo-HSCT患者,男47例,女26例,中位年龄41(15~64)岁。共发生86例次肺部并发症事件,进行132例次BAL。BALF检测病因学诊断率为88.4%(76/86)。感染性肺部并发症共67例次(77.9%),包括真菌感染29例次(33.7%)、混合感染18例次(20.9%)、病毒感染11例次(12.8%)、细菌感染9例次(10.5%)。非感染性肺部并发症共9例次(10.5%),包括特发性肺炎综合征8例、淋巴瘤肺部浸润1例。另有10例次未能明确病因(11.6%)。血小板计数低于50×109/L的33例次BAL术中及术后均未发生严重出血,在BAL后一过性发热10例次,其中4例次血培养为葡萄球菌,抗感染治疗有效,无其他严重并发症。结论对有肺部病变的allo-HSCT患者,BALF病原体检测具有较高的诊断价值,安全性良好。

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