Application of Bottom Ash as Filter Media for Construction Site Runoff Control

Ki Woong Bang,Jin Chul Joo,Yonghyok Kim,Jongsoo Choi,Eunbi Kang,Jung Min Lee,Jin Ho Kim

doi:10.3390/w12040990

Abstract

The potential application of bottom ash (BA) for construction site runoff control as an alternative filter media with high removal efficiency of total suspended solids (TSS) and longer operation period were evaluated. Both lab-scale single-layer and pilot-scale multi-layer filtration experiments were performed using BA filter media with different particle sizes and various volumetric flow rates. Due to the mesoporous, irregular, and spherical shape of gravel-size BA filter media used in this study, relatively low surface area, negligible pore volume, and greater pore size were observed. Both TSS removal efficiencies and clogging of BA filter media were a complex function of particle size of BA filter media and loading rate of TSS. Incoming TSS particles did not significantly penetrate beyond 46-cm BA filter media depth, accumulating on the upper layers and gradually forming a clogging layer to critical thickness, and finally the clogging filtration mechanism dominated the overall removal efficiency of TSS. Accumulation of TSS on BA filter media can be explained by the lumped sigmoidal empirical model, and an exponential decline in accumulation of TSS with depth results in minimal accumulation beneath the clogging layer. As practical implications, BA filter media depth of less than 46 cm is recommended with dual- or multi-media filters using mixtures of gravel-size BA and silt-size fine media, and a combination of detention basins can reduce frequent periodic de-clogging operation and management.

Highlights

IntroductionConstruction activities (i.e., land grading, building, stockpiling, excavating, earth moving, etc.)expose loose sediment, which increases both sedimentation and erosion
Construction activitiesexpose loose sediment, which increases both sedimentation and erosion
The potential application of bottom ash (BA) for construction site runoff control as an alternative filter media with high removal efficiency of total suspended solids (TSS) and longer operation period was evaluated. Both lab-scale single-layer and pilot-scale multi-layer filtration experiments were performed using BA filter media with different particle sizes and various volumetric flow rates simulating surface runoff flowing over construction sites

Summary

Introduction

Construction activities (i.e., land grading, building, stockpiling, excavating, earth moving, etc.)expose loose sediment, which increases both sedimentation and erosion. During rainy weather, polluted stormwater runoff from construction activities flows to sewer systems and is discharged into local rivers and streams [1,2,3]. Beyond water quality concerns, polluted sediment and debris from construction activities cause local flood hazards by reducing the flow capacity of storm drains and sewer systems [1,2,3]. Due to the large amounts of land disturbed through construction activities, construction sites have been reported to be the largest contributors of sediment loading to surface waters [1,2,3].

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