Application of Blue Filters Increases the Usefulness of Moreland Test in Anomaloscopic Color Vision Assessment for Blue-Green Color Range.

Krzysztof Michalak,Jan Olszewski,Jacek Zabel,Paulina Wojtyła-Buciora,Anna Przekoracka-Krawczyk

doi:10.3390/ijerph18147654

Abstract

The effect of blue light filters on the anomaloscopic examination was analyzed. Thirty subjects (18–43 y, 20 female, 10 male) without color vision disorders were examined in 4 filter conditions: no filter (F-0), Blue Control Hoya (F-BC), Med-1 JZO (F-Med1) and 450 Eschenbach (F-450). Both Rayleigh test (red–green axis) and Moreland test (blue–green axis) were performed. Application of F-BC filter shows negligible effect on color vision perception in both tests. Contrary to this, the application of strong F-450 filter causes significant shift in Moreland test towards tritanopy and the decrease in correlations of Moreland parameters with Rayleigh test parameters. The application of medium strong F-Med1 filter causes the slight shift in Moreland test towards the center of the Moreland scale and increases the Spearman correlations between Moreland and Rayleigh test parameters. This observation suggests that the about 15–40% reduction of blue diode intensity in the Moreland test may be beneficial in detecting mild changes in color vision perception in the blue-green axis and may improve its usefulness in evaluating the color vision perception disorders accompanying different illnesses, such as diabetes, glaucoma, neuritis optica, or cataract. The discussion concerning the modifications of Moreland test construction is also presented.

Highlights

Color vision disorders occur among the symptoms of numerous diseases of the human eye, including glaucoma [1,2], cataract [3,4], optic neuritis [5], and certain systemic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus [6,7]
Changes in color perception may affect the areas of red, green, and blue related to three types of cones (L, M, and S) in the retina, which are responsible for perception of three primary colors
Color vision disorders are observed in the above diseases, they are not used to assess their severity

Summary

Introduction

Color vision disorders occur among the symptoms of numerous diseases of the human eye, including glaucoma [1,2], cataract [3,4], optic neuritis [5], and certain systemic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus [6,7]. Color vision disorders are observed in the above diseases, they are not used to assess their severity. The first and the most important one is the scarcity of scientific research describing color vision deficits in particular diseases in a quantitative manner, the second is the scarcity of standardized diagnostic methods that would quantify color vision deficits, in particular in the green/blue range. Another issue is the intersubject variability of color perception, which makes defining norms for healthy individuals ambiguous in certain cases

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Conclusion