Abstract
This paper illustrates the processes carried out for the application of biphase complete complementary code (CCC) for ionospheric sounding to address the coherent interference problem in multi-station ionospheric sounding. An algorithm to generate the biphase CCC is described, and the detailed process of waveform construction and signal processing is presented. Characteristics of the autocorrelation and cross-correlation are analyzed through simulations, and the technical feasibility of the application of CCC is explored. Experiments of ionospheric sounding with the CCC are also implemented to verify performance. Results demonstrate that the CCC performs well in multi-station ionospheric sounding, and is capable of eliminating the coherent interference in the network of ionosondes, compared to the conventional complementary code.
Highlights
Activities of ionospheric sounding started from 1926 when remote sensing of the ionosphere by means of radio sounding was described [1]
We firstly present a brief definition of complete complementary code (CCC) and its generation algorithm, and describe the construction of the waveform and the details of signal processing
Characteristics of the autocorrelation and cross-correlation are subsequently analyzed through simulations, followed by discussions of the experimental results of ionospheric sounding with the application of the complete complementary code
Summary
Activities of ionospheric sounding started from 1926 when remote sensing of the ionosphere by means of radio sounding was described [1]. Ionospheric Oblique Backscattering Sounding System (WIOBSS) was successfully developed by the Ionosphere Laboratory at Wuhan University. When two stations perform ionospheric sounding synchronously with the same complementary code, both vertical and oblique ionograms can be observed, thereby raising the difficulty of automatically extracting ionospheric parameters from the present ionograms using the current methods [13]. Adaptive beamforming methods have been proposed to overcome the problem [16,17,18] These methods aimed at the cancellation of the interference, are not appropriate for application in ionospheric sounding. Characteristics of the autocorrelation and cross-correlation are subsequently analyzed through simulations, followed by discussions of the experimental results of ionospheric sounding with the application of the complete complementary code
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