Abstract
BIOTON® biochar, produced by a wood biomass pyrolysis process, which is usually applied as soil amendment, was investigated for a novel application, i.e., the adsorption of lead from contaminated solutions. The experimental activity included physical and chemical characterization of BIOTON®; and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images to highlight its internal structure. The adsorption process was investigated through batch and column experiments. Adsorption kinetics showed very rapid achievement of equilibrium conditions, i.e., 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L initial Pb concentration at 2 h and 4 h, respectively. Complete removal also occurred within the same time. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller model was a better fit for the equilibrium data of both Pb concentrations, whereas the kinetics were best represented by the pseudo second-order model. Column tests showed that the addition of biochar as an adsorbent media within the bed significantly extended the time of breakthrough and exhaustion, with respect to the column filled with soil only. The values found for the adsorption capacity of BIOTON®- versus lead-containing solutions were comparable to those reported for commercial adsorbents. Therefore, BIOTON® can be considered a valid option: It also offers the additional benefit of allowing the recovery of a residue, which alternately would need to be disposed of.
Highlights
Biochar obtained from the pyrolysis of woody biomass can be used for a number of purposes, such as for soil amendment [1,2,3,4], and as a low cost adsorbent [5,6,7,8,9,10]
The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller model was a better fit for the equilibrium data of both Pb concentrations, whereas the kinetics were best represented by the pseudo second-order model
BIOTON® biochar produced from various wood biomasses through a pyrolysis process showed to be highly efficient as an adsorbent for lead contaminated solutions at 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L
Summary
Biochar obtained from the pyrolysis of woody biomass can be used for a number of purposes, such as for soil amendment [1,2,3,4], and as a low cost adsorbent [5,6,7,8,9,10] As far as the former application is concerned, biochar has been demonstrated to improve soil properties [11,12,13,14,15,16,17], as well as to reduce contaminant leaching [18,19,20,21,22,23]. Due to the associated risks, Italian legislation requires Pb concentration to be below 10 μg/L in groundwater (Italian decree n. 152/06), and 0.2 mg/L in the streams released into surface waters [28]
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