Abstract
In recent years, numerous studies have focused on the use of biochar as a biological material for environmental remediation due to its low-cost precursor (waste), low toxicity, and diversity of active sites, along with their facile tailoring techniques. Due to its versatility, biochar has been employed as an adsorbent, catalyst (for activating hydrogen peroxide, ozone, persulfate), and photocatalyst. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview and compare the application of biochar in water remediation. First, the biochar active sites with their functions are presented. Secondly, an overview and summary of biochar performance in treating organic pollutants in different systems is depicted. Thereafter, an evaluation on performance, removal mechanism, active sites involvement, tolerance to different pH values, stability, and reusability, and an economic analysis of implementing biochar for organic pollutants decontamination in each application is presented. Finally, potential prospects to overcome the drawbacks of each application are provided.
Highlights
Over the past few years, the rapid growth of various industries has led to the release of toxic pollutants to the environment
Among the numerous applications of biochar in wastewater treatment, adsorption, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) activation, O3 activation, PS activation, and photocatalysis hold the superlative potential in the treatment of organic pollutants
advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) utilize more active sites of biochar and are able to mineralize organics pollutants or form less resistant organic by-products, so they can be treated by conventional methods
Summary
Over the past few years, the rapid growth of various industries has led to the release of toxic pollutants to the environment. Pollution due to refractory pollutants in water bodies is of emerging concern due to its greater mobility compared to soil. The release of trace antibiotics will lead to the development of multidrugresistant strains, which will result in less effective clinical treatment effects of conventional antibiotics [7] Phenolic compounds such as chlorophenols are toxic and may induce carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. Numerous reviews on the use of biochar in specific environmental applications are available [16,17,18,19,20,21,22], howbeit, with modest emphasis on comparing biochar performance and the mechanism of treating organic pollutants under different systems for finding superior applications of biochar and to fully realize its potential. The brief prospects to overcome these limitations are elucidated
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