Application of BAP and IBA for In Vitro Callus Formation of Biduri (Calotropis gigantea)

Abstract

A herbaceous plant called biduri (Calotropis gigantea) is useful as a medicine. The leaves, roots, and flowers are just a few of the organs that contain secondary metabolites. A callus is an accumulation of secondary metabolite-producing amorphous cells. Through the induction of plant growth regulators, callus formation can be induced. The goal of the study was to find the BAP and IBA concentration that would promote callus formation in biduri. The initialstem segments of biduri, which were 1.5 months old and 2 cm long, were used as explants. A factorial design using two components and three repetitions of each was employed in a fully randomized design. BAP concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ppm) and IBA concentrations were the first and second factors, respectively (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ppm). The callus induction time, callus morphology (color and texture), and callus appearance percentage were the factors that were observed. The results demonstrated that a green, compact callus could be produced at a concentration of 4 ppm BAP and 1 ppm IBA. The proportion of callus manifestation rose and the callus induction time decreased with an increase in BAP concentration of up to 4 ppm.