Abstract
Campylobacter is a major foodborne pathogen with over a million United States cases a year and is typically acquired through the consumption of poultry products. The common occurrence of Campylobacter as a member of the poultry gastrointestinal tract microbial community remains a challenge for optimizing intervention strategies. Simultaneously, increasing demand for antibiotic-free products has led to the development of several alternative control measures both at the farm and in processing operations. Bacteriophages administered to reduce foodborne pathogens are one of the alternatives that have received renewed interest. Campylobacter phages have been isolated from both conventionally and organically raised poultry. Isolated and cultivated Campylobacter bacteriophages have been used as an intervention in live birds to target colonized Campylobacter in the gastrointestinal tract. Application of Campylobacter phages to poultry carcasses has also been explored as a strategy to reduce Campylobacter levels during poultry processing. This review will focus on the biology and ecology of Campylobacter bacteriophages in poultry production followed by discussion on current and potential applications as an intervention strategy to reduce Campylobacter occurrence in poultry production.
Highlights
According to the World Health Organization, Campylobacter is a leading cause of the diarrheal disease (World Health Organization [WHO], 2018)
Ninety-five percent reduction of C. jejuni occurred on chicken skin via group III phage 12673 at 106 PFU/cm2 inoculated with 104 colony-forming units (CFU)/cm2 C. jejuni C222 and incubated for 24 h compared to a non-phage treated group that resulted in a 90% reduction of C. jejuni, which was statistically different
The findings reported by Huang et al (2020) suggest that a prospective combination of families of phages in a cocktail can potentially control for multiple Campylobacter species
Summary
According to the World Health Organization, Campylobacter is a leading cause of the diarrheal disease (World Health Organization [WHO], 2018). El-Shibiny et al (2009) utilized Campylobacter group II phage CP220 against C. jejuni and C. coli colonized 20-day old broilers and observed a 2-log CFU/g reduction in cecal C. jejuni HPC5 populations in 48 h with a single 7-log PFU dose (Table 2). Using a single phage therapy, Atterbury et al (2003a) demonstrated over a one log CFU/cm reduction of C. jejuni on chicken skin inoculated with CFU of C. jejuni PT14 with the administration of PFU of group III phage φ2 when the skin was stored at 4◦C for 10 days (Table 3). In further work, Bigwood et al (2009) concentrated on applying
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