Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on improving accuracy of dental implant placement using Computer-Assisted Implant Surgery (CAIS)

Abstract

Tooth loss is one of the most common oral health problems, and may affect mastication, phonetics, aesthetics, and quality of life. Dental implant placement is an effective procedure to replace tooth loss. Dental implant placement techniques using freehand surgery procedures increase potential failure related to position, angle, and depth of insertion with 6.42% failure prevalence. The accuracy of installing dental implants through freehand protocol depends on the ability and experience of the doctor. New innovations such as using Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Computer-Assisted Implant Surgery (CAIS) have been developed to improve the accuracy of dental implant placement. This article review uses a method finding theories from research journals and case reports with keywords "dental implant", "artificial intelligence", "computer-assisted surgery" on Google Scholar and Pubmed, five (5) research journals and one (1) case reports met requirements to be discussed. Application Artificial Intelligence (AI) in CAIS, through 3D Standard Tessellation Language (STL) planning on Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) segmentation and alignment with Intra-Oral Scanner (IOS). 3D planning is a holographic environment. CAIS are divided into static and dynamic. The static procedure performed by printing stereolithographic guide from the dental implant placement for the operator, the dynamic procedure when the operator sees in real-time the position, angulation, and drilling depth on a screen. The results showed that there was a slight deviation between the position, angulation, and depth of the implant during planning and post-surgery. Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications using Computer-Assisted Implant Surgery (CAIS) can improve the accuracy of dental implant placement.