Abstract
Oral cavity incessantly encounters a plethora of microorganisms. Plaque biofilm—a major cause of caries, periodontitis and other dental diseases—is a complex community of bacteria or fungi that causes infection by protecting pathogenic microorganisms from external drug agents and escaping the host defense mechanisms. Antimicrobial nanoparticles are promising because of several advantages such as ultra-small sizes, large surface-area-to-mass ratio and special physical and chemical properties. To better summarize explorations of antimicrobial nanoparticles and provide directions for future studies, we present the following critical review. The keywords “nanoparticle,” “anti-infective or antibacterial or antimicrobial” and “dentistry” were retrieved from Pubmed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science databases in the last five years. A total of 172 articles met the requirements were included and discussed in this review. The results show that superior antibacterial properties of nanoparticle biomaterials bring broad prospects in the oral field. This review presents the development, applications and underneath mechanisms of antibacterial nanoparticles in dentistry including restorative dentistry, endodontics, implantology, orthodontics, dental prostheses and periodontal field.
Highlights
The oral cavity constantly encounters a plethora of microorganisms [1]
The large surface area and high charge density of NPs enable them to interact with the negatively-charged surface of bacterial cells to a greater extent resulting in enhanced antimicrobial activity [6]
The methodologies of using nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP), methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) may be applicable to other dental composites, adhesives and cements to reduce the formation of plaque biofilm in restorative dentistry
Summary
The oral cavity constantly encounters a plethora of microorganisms [1]. Plaque biofilm—a major cause of caries, periodontitis and other dental diseases—is a complex community of bacteria or fungi that causes infection by protecting pathogenic microorganisms from external drug agents and escaping the host defense mechanisms [2]. NPs combined with polymers or coated onto biomaterial surfaces was found to exhibit superior antimicrobial properties in the oral cavity [3]. Metal and organic NPs have been applied in several areas of dentistry because of their broad-spectrum bactericidal properties [5]. NPs possessed superior antibacterial activity in bacteria of drug resistance [1,2,4]. NPs and showed that NPs possessed superior antibacterial activity in bacteria of drug resistance. NPs in dentistry including restorative dentistry, endodontics, implantology, application of antibacterial NPs in dentistry including restorative dentistry, endodontics, dental prostheses, orthodontics andorthodontics periodontaland field.
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