Abstract
Accurate palaeoecological interpretations of pollen data require a thorough knowledge of the processes involved in the production and dissemination of pollen. This paper examines the timing of pollination and pollen production of anemophilous taxa at various scales. Aspects of timing that are discussed are the environmental triggers for pollination, the sequence of pollination, implications of the position in the sequence, geographic variation in flowering, and diurnal rhythms. Aspects of pollen production that are discussed are, daily variation of airborne pollen, effect of climate within a season and over several decades, interannual variability, and other potential causes of fluctuations in production such as gender switching. Understanding the changes in pollen abundance over these temporal and spatial scales may help to refine the pollen-vegetation relationship.
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