Abstract
In the manufacturing process of lithium-ion batteries, the current organic solvent-based processes will inevitably be replaced with eco-friendly water-based processes. For this purpose, the current organic-soluble binder should be replaced with a water-soluble or water-dispersed binder. In this study, a new polyacrylate latex dispersed in water was successfully applied as a binder of lithium-ion battery cathodes for the first time. One of the biggest advantages of the polyacrylate binder is that it is electrochemically stable at the working voltage of typical cathodes, unlike a conventional water-dispersed styrene-butadiene binder. This implies that the water-dispersed polyacrylate has no limitations for the usage of a cathodic binder. The performance of the polyacrylate binder for lithium iron phosphate cathodes was compared with those of a conventional organic-based polyvinylidene fluoride binder as well as a water-dispersed styrene-butadiene binder. The polyacrylate binder exhibited an electrochemical performance that was comparable to that of an existing styrene-butadiene binder and much better than that of the polyvinylidene fluoride binder. This superior performance of the polyacrylate binder is attributed to the point-to-point bonding mechanism of an emulsified binder, which leads to a strong adhesion strength as well as the low electrical and charge transfer resistances of the cathodes.
Highlights
In recent years, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been used in an extended range of applications, from small portable devices to electric vehicles and energy storage systems [1,2,3,4]
To the commercial styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) binder for LIB anodes, the new polyacrylate latex (PAL) binder makes the manufacturing process of LIB cathodes eco-friendly, because it is dispersed in water as an emulsion state
Unlike the SBR binder, the PAL binder is electrochemically stable at such a high working voltage of LIB cathode, due to the lack of a carbon-carbon double bond in the main chain of PAL
Summary
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been used in an extended range of applications, from small portable devices to electric vehicles and energy storage systems [1,2,3,4]. There are several imperative issues for LIBs: prolonged cycle stability, high energy and rate capability, low cost, safety, and an environmentally friendly manufacturing process. To cope with these issues, all components of LIB electrodes should be optimized according to the particular application. Lithium transition metal oxides containing cobalt, nickel, or manganese have been widely studied over the last few decades [6,7,8,9,10,11]. Cobalt and nickel are less common, carcinogenic, mutagenic, and reprotoxic metals, which should be avoided as much as possible in future LIB manufacturing [12,13]. LFP is known for its high thermal stability, with appreciable capacity (170 mAh g−1), and its good long-term cycle stability [20]
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