Application of a novel liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of antazoline in human plasma: Result of ELEPHANT-I [ELEctrophysiological, pharmacokinetic and hemodynamic effects of PHenazolinum (ANTazoline mesylate)] human pharmacokinetic study

Abstract

Antazoline is a first-generation antihistaminic agent with antiarrhythmic quinidine-like properties. In some countries, it is widely used for termination of cardiac arrhythmias, especially atrial fibrillation (AF). However, no human pharmacokinetic studies have been conducted with intravenous antazoline. The aim of our study was to develop and validate a novel liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for the determination of antazoline in human plasma: the ELEPHANT-I [ELEctrophysiological, pharmacokinetic and hemodynamic effects of PHenazolinum (ANTazoline mesylate)] human pharmacokinetic study. Antazoline was extracted from plasma using liquid–liquid extraction. The concentration of the analyte was measured by LC–MS/MS with xylometazoline as an internal standard. The method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, stability (freeze/thaw stability, stability in autosampler, short and long term stability), dilution integrity and matrix effect. The analyzed validation criteria were fulfilled. The method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study involving 10 healthy volunteers. Following a single intravenous dose of antazoline mesylate (100mg), the plasma concentration profile showed a relative fast elimination with a terminal elimination half-life of 2.29h. A relatively high volume of distribution was observed (Vss=315L). The values of mean residence time (MRT∞), area under the curve (AUC∞) and clearance were 3.45h, 0.91mghL−1 and 80.5Lh−1, respectively. One volunteer showed significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters. In conclusion, the proposed new LC–MS/MS method was successfully used for the first time for the determination of antazoline in human plasma.