Abstract
A novel Si–Al porous clay material W (reprocessed from ceramic waste) was used for Acidovorax sp. strain PM3 immobilization to promote the growth of strains and improve nitrogen and phosphorus removal performance in water treatment systems. The porous clay material W was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy indicating that porous clay material W was a type of mullite with 63.52 m2/g specific surface area. After immobilization, the maximum biomass increased 2.7 times the specific growth rate and the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia (NH4+–N), and total phosphorus (TP) by the immobilized PM3 were 42.99, 29.19, and 11.76% higher than the free strain after 24 h. The Monod equation showed that the growth rate and processing speed of immobilized PM3 increased. The maximum adsorption capacities of COD and NH4+–N onto porous clay material W were 2.33 and 0.32 mg/g on the basis of Langmuir isotherm. The removal capacities of COD, NH4+–N, and TP by the immobilized PM3 were 588.24, 20.37, and 5.06 mg/l, respectively, as shown by kinetic studies. These results demonstrated that porous clay material W could improve the efficiency of microbial nitrogen and phosphorus removal, and the immobilized microorganism system could effectively treat domestic sewage. The adsorption isotherms can well describe the adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity of COD and NH4+–N on porous clay material W is 2.33 and 0.32 mg/g, respectively. Kinetic studies showed that the removal capacity of immobilized PM3 to COD, NH4+–N, and TP was 58.824, 20.37, and 5.06 mg/l, respectively.
Highlights
Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus are the major pollutants in China’s domestic sewage
A polycrystalline X-ray diffractometer (XRD; X’Pert Pro, Panalytical B.V., The Netherlands) was adopted for porous clay material W (PCMW), and the results demonstrate that PCMW was a type of mullite (Figure AM1)
The results showed the structure of PCMW, the morphology of PM3, and how the PM3 strain clung and grew on the surface and inside of PCMW
Summary
Nitrogen, and phosphorus are the major pollutants in China’s domestic sewage. Microorganism immobilization technologies have been widely used for the treatment of domestic sewage in rural areas and other fields of pollution control such as insecticides, surfactants, textile dyes, heavy metal, volatile organic pollutants, and PAH (Bergero and Lucchesi, 2018; Biswas et al, 2015; Dong et al, 2017; Geed et al, 2018; Kiran et al, 2018; Sarioglu et al, 2017). This technology confines free microorganisms by physical or chemical means. Compared with natural carriers and polymer materials, inorganic carriers are characterized by good stability, low toxicity to microorganisms, resistance to microorganisms, low cost, and long life
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