Abstract
Upconversion nanoparticles are a new type of fluorescent marker in biomedical imaging that can convert a longer wavelength (such as near-infrared fluorescence) into a shorter wavelength (such as visible light). Mantle cell lymphoma, which is derived from B-cell lymphoma, is a subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and the immune phenotype is a mature B-cell phenotype (CD20+, CD5+). To develop the use of nanomaterials as specific markers for the medical imaging of mantle cell lymphoma, we modified the surface of UCNPs by oxidation so that the CD20 or CD5 antibody could covalently attach to the upconversion nanoparticles to form antibody-UCNP conjugates. These antibody-UCNP conjugates were used as fluorescent probes to detect the CD20 or CD5 antigen. Due to the excessive expression of these antigens on the surface of MCL cells and successful strong connection between the antibody and UCNPs, the latter could specifically combine with mantle cell lymphoma cells. Upon near-infrared excitation at 980 nm, cells labelled with UCNPs emitted bright upconversion fluorescence.
Highlights
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a class of nonHodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), which shows characteristic changes in pathology, immune phenotype and cell and molecular genetics; it accounts for 6% of all NHLs [1]. t (11; 14) (q13; q32) chromosome translocation is the most unique molecular biological characteristic of MCL, resulting in fusion between the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene on chromosome 14 and the CCND I gene on chromosome 11 and overexpression of the characteristic CyclinD1 in MCL cells [2]
To develop the use of nanomaterials as specific markers for the medical imaging of mantle cell lymphoma, we modified the surface of UCNPs by oxidation so that the CD20 or CD5 antibody could covalently attach to the upconversion nanoparticles to form antibody-UCNP conjugates
MCL, which is derived from B-cell lymphoma, is a subtype of NHL; the immune phenotype is a mature B-cell phenotype, and excessive CD20 and CD5 antigens are expressed on the surface of MCL cells [3, 4]
Summary
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a class of nonHodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), which shows characteristic changes in pathology, immune phenotype and cell and molecular genetics; it accounts for 6% of all NHLs [1]. t (11; 14) (q13; q32) chromosome translocation is the most unique molecular biological characteristic of MCL, resulting in fusion between the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene on chromosome 14 and the CCND I gene on chromosome 11 and overexpression of the characteristic CyclinD1 in MCL cells [2]. Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a class of nonHodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), which shows characteristic changes in pathology, immune phenotype and cell and molecular genetics; it accounts for 6% of all NHLs [1]. With recent developments in molecular biology and genetics, as well as the clinical use of molecular targeted drugs, the median survival time of MCL patients has increased to 7 years [5]. MCL is an aggressive and severely malignant mature B-cell neoplasm, which, in most cases, ends with tumour resistance and relapse [6]. Due to the poor efficacy of conventional treatment, early pathological changes, and rapid invasion, most patients have advanced-stage disease (Ann Arbor stage III–IV) when first diagnosed. Early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of MCL are crucial in prolonging the survival time
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