Application of a collagen scaffold saturated with platelet-rich plasma in prevention of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in the rat animal model

Abstract

BackgroundAmong the myriad adverse events of drugs in the oral cavity, Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is one of the most detrimental drug reactions that have ever been known. ObjectiveThis study was aimed to investigate the success of applying collagen scaffold alone and platelet-rich plasma (PRP)+collagen scaffold in prevention of zoledronic acid-induced BRONJ in the rat. MethodsA total of 17 male Wistar-rats were treated with 4 weekly doses of zoledronic acid. All rats were undergone bilateral tooth extraction of mandibular first molars and divided into three groups of scaffold + PRP + suture, scaffold + suture, and suture only. All rats were scarified and clinical, radiological, histological and histomorphomerical evaluations were made on week 8 post-treatment. The soft tissue healing, bone mineralized density (BMD), number of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, necrotic bone (NB), intensity of inflammation and new bone formation (NBF) were analyzed. ResultsBMD, number of osteoblasts and NBF variables proved to be statistically were higher in the treatment groups than the control group. In addition, the PRP + scaffold group showed the better results in terms of BMD, number of osteoblasts and NBF than that of the scaffold alone group. Number of osteoclasts, inflammation intensity and osteonecrosis were also significantly different in the PRP + scaffold group compared to the scaffold alone and the control groups. ConclusionApplication of a PRP-enriched collagen scaffold appeared to be a successful preventive treatment for BRONJ by effecting of the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, BMD, NBF, inflammation, and osteonecrosis.