Abstract
For greenhouse gas control and environment protection, CO2 emission reduction has become a hot spot in global research. CO2 injection in developed oil reservoirs to enhance oil recovery is widely regarded as one of the most economical and promising measures for reducing anthropogenic CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. In this paper, a three-dimensional embedded discrete fracture model is proposed and applied to simulate CO2 flooding and geological storage processes in hydraulically fractured reservoirs. The gas injection is simplified as a two-phase two-component mathematical model with the varying pressure-related fluid physical properties, and its accuracy is verified by commercial software tNavigator®. The advantage of this model is that it can deal with the complex geological conditions of three-dimensional arbitrary-inclined fracture networks and accurately assess the effects of CO2-EOR and geological sequestration in real reservoirs. Two application cases of CO2 huff-and-puff with a single well and inter-fracture asynchronous injection and production are demonstrated and explained in detail. The optimized technological parameters and CO2 saturation distribution can provide key technical parameters for field operations.
Highlights
For more than 30 years, issues such as global climate change and global warming have been emerging in the agenda of national summits from the themes of academic papers and been hot topics in media forms such as newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and the Internet
It is widely accepted that CO2 is one of the major greenhouse gases that cause global warming, and global climate change is related to CO2 emissions [1,2]
Utilization, and storage (CCUS) are among the key technologies to deal with global climate change, which have been highly valued by countries all over the world [3,4,5]
Summary
For more than 30 years, issues such as global climate change and global warming have been emerging in the agenda of national summits from the themes of academic papers and been hot topics in media forms such as newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and the Internet. CO2 injection into conventional high-permeability reservoirs has been used for many years to enhance oil recovery, the studies of CO2-EOR and geological sequestration in low-permeability reservoirs are still quite inadequate, especially in complex fault-block reservoirs, which cannot form the regular well pattern [14]. The precondition work of CO2-EOR and geological sequestration in low-permeability reservoirs is making a detailed description and characterization of complex hydraulic fracture networks. The application of 3D-EDFM for simulating CO2-EOR and geological storage in fractured low-permeability reservoirs is rarely studied. A 3D-EDFM framework is built and deals with complex fracture networks in hydraulically fractured reservoirs On this basis, a simplified two-phase two-component mathematical model with the varying pressure-related fluid physical properties is adopted to simulate CO2 injection in low-permeability reservoirs.
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