Abstract
The discovery of graphene and its unique properties has inspired researchers to try to invent other two-dimensional (2D) materials. After considerable research effort, a distinct “beyond graphene” domain has been established, comprising the library of non-graphene 2D materials. It is significant that some 2D non-graphene materials possess solid advantages over their predecessor, such as having a direct band gap, and therefore are highly promising for a number of applications. These applications are not limited to nano- and opto-electronics, but have a strong potential in biosensing technologies, as one example. However, since most of the 2D non-graphene materials have been newly discovered, most of the research efforts are concentrated on material synthesis and the investigation of the properties of the material. Applications of 2D non-graphene materials are still at the embryonic stage, and the integration of 2D non-graphene materials into devices is scarcely reported. However, in recent years, numerous reports have blossomed about 2D material-based biosensors, evidencing the growing potential of 2D non-graphene materials for biosensing applications. This review highlights the recent progress in research on the potential of using 2D non-graphene materials and similar oxide nanostructures for different types of biosensors (optical and electrochemical). A wide range of biological targets, such as glucose, dopamine, cortisol, DNA, IgG, bisphenol, ascorbic acid, cytochrome and estradiol, has been reported to be successfully detected by biosensors with transducers made of 2D non-graphene materials.
Highlights
The developments in material science are the driving force of technological progress
Graphene, being one atom-thick carbon nanosheets, became the first 2D nanostructure, which was was isolated from parent graphite in 2004 [1]. It has served as a model for a two-dimensional system isolated from parent graphite in 2004 [1]. It has served as a model for a two-dimensional system that has that has captured the interest of researchers from different fields, such as electronics, photonics, captured the interest of researchers from different fields, such as electronics, photonics, material science, material science, engineering and sensing
It is revealed that the family of 2D non-graphene inorganic materials is undeniably forthcoming for the application as a transducer material in biosensors
Summary
The developments in material science are the driving force of technological progress. In order to make rapid progress, what is ideally needed is a more complete library of materials of matching semiconductor and electronic properties combined with new technologies for. Among the various transducer materials that have been developed, nanostructured oxidesoxides have exceptional optical and electrical properties that offerthat excellent the interfacing metal have exceptional optical and electrical properties offer prospects excellent for prospects for the of biologicalofrecognition with electronic or electronic optical signal transduction for designing interfacing biological events recognition events with or optical signal and transduction and of fora new generation of bioelectronics devices that may exhibit novel functions. Designing of a new generation of bioelectronics devices that may exhibit novel functions
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